GLOSSARY

Abaca- Type of plant material used to make instrument strings in the past

Acob- Term used for resonator box of harp

Alfa- Bisayan term for harp, probably from Spanish term arpa

Alpa- Bisayan term for harp, probably from Spanish arpa or harpa

Arpa jarocha- Type of regional Mexican harp

Arpa- Ilocano term for harp, from Spanish

Bajo- Double bass viol, from Spanish term

Balac- Traditional indigenous Bisayan poetry

Balangay - Ancient Filipino ancestral boat

Balitaw- Topical song/dance genre traditionally accompanied by the harp in the Visayas (balitao, alternate spelling)

Bandurya - or bandurria, a short neck lute of Spanish origin with twelve to fourteen strings, the fourteen string bandurya most traditional with three treble courses having three strings each, two lower courses with two strings each, and a single bass string.

Barangay - generic name for a village or town within a municipality, can be used alternately with the term barrio

Bardic - Type of Euopean harp

Barrio- Small village may be used interchangably with barangay

Binisaya or Sugbuanon - Bisayan word for their language

Bolo - Type of machete or long knife

Bombass - Old German instrument using an animal bladder as a bridge

Buad - Salted fish used as a staple in the diet of Cebuanos

Calypso - Type of topical song form from Trinidad in the Carribean

Candlemas - Part of religious calendar on Feb. 2 when Christmas caroling season ends

Cantors - Singers of Church liturgy

Carabao - Filipino term for indigenous water buffalo

Carvata - Spanish term used for hollowed log harp resonator boxes in Mexico

Casko - Bisayan term for harp resonator box, from Spanish casco

Cedulas - Spanish law

Chile - Type of musical instrument which uses an air filled pig's bladder as a bridge between the instrument body and the string.

Clairsach - Old Irish harp

Coriapi - Same as koriapi, Bisayan boat lute like kudyapi

Corlong - Same as korlong, Bamboo tube zither instrument used by Bisayan women in the 17th century and before

Coverta - Bisayan term for soundboard, possibly comes from Spanish word "cobertera" or lid.

Datu- Traditional Filipino name for head man

Daygon - Bisayan term for Christman caroling

Erhu - Chinese fiddle

Fanegas - Measurement for volume of material, such as rice

Fiesta - Party or festival usually associated with a particular saint

Filipiniana - Folklore or culture of the Filipino

Gabbang - Type of xylophone made of bamboo, similar to the Bisayan kulintang

Galleon - Spanish ships used for trade in the 16th through 19th centuries between Mexico and the Philippines

Gamay - Bisayan word for small or little

Gantas - Measurement for grain

Habanera - Type of dance genre popular in the Philippines, believed to have originated in Havana (Habana) Cuba

Hacendero - landed family which originally gained wealth through Spanish colonialism and still wields political power in the Philippines

Harana - Type of love song genre popular in the Bisayas, from a Spanish term

Harpa - Spanish term for harp somtimes used in Ilocano areas

Ilustrado - Upper middle class person of Filipino or mixed Filipino blood during Spanish colonial times

Instrumento Nacional - National Instrument, described for the harp during the 18th and 19th centuries in the Philippines, term from Spanish

Jesuits - Priests from the order of the Society of Jesus

Kabayo - Bisayan term for horse or the neck of the harp, probably from the Spanish term caballo.

Koriapy - Bisayan boat lute documented by Alcina in the 17th century, same as Filipino kudyapi

Koto - Japanese 13 string board zither usually played by women

Kourlong - Bisayan bamboo tube zither used by women in 17th century documented by Alcina

Kudyapi - Gerneric Filipino term for type of boat lute used by indigenous Filipinos

Kugo - Ancient Japanese open angular harp used originally in Gagaku

Kulintang - Floating term used for two different musical instruments in the Philipines, 1) as the metal knobbed gong array seen in Mindanao and Sulu Archipelego 2) at the bamboo xylophone found in the Visayas

Kundiman - Indigenous Tagalog song form similar to the Bisayan harana

Kung hou - Ancient Chinese open angular harp

Lanceros - Popular Spanich dance form

Langking - Silk strings from China

Lanzon - Metal nails, word from Spanish

Laud - Type of rondalla instrument which sounds an octave below the bandurya, has 12 to 14 strings in 6 courses

Liso - Bisayan term used as a verb, to twist, as a noun it can refer to the pegs of a harp or the templador

Litson- Bisayan word for centerstrip on soundboard of the harp

Maestro de Capilla - Spanish term for choral master

Mestizos - People of mixed Spanish blood

Novenas - A nine day ritual for a dead person or may also celebrate a regional saint annually

Oktavina - Rondalla instrument which looks like a small guitar and has fourteen strings in a six course array like the bandurya, sounds an octave lower than the bandurya

Palay - Unhusked rice

Paluchina - Gerneric Filipino term for a coniferous type of lumber

Pastorelas - Spanish secular religious theatrical and musical form depicting the Nativity scene

Pastores - Extant Bisayan form of pastorelas in the vernacular language

Pasuk - Wood nails

Pendulan - Bisayab term for harp forepillar

Pianya - Bisayan term for harp base

Pilipino - National language of the Philippines

Piña - Pineapple

Poblacion - Usually the name of the main barangay of a municipality, often where the church is located

Probinsyanos - Urban term for people who are from rural areas

Pundasyon - Bisayan term used for the harp component that connects the neck with the resonator box, probably from Spanish

Rebab - Refers to the Indonesian fiddle

Ribete - Bisayan word for molding

Reducciones - A settlement usually instituted by the Religious to get natives to move from outlying areas into a central area. The church or was usually the center of the settlement.

Rigodon - Popular Spanish dance genre

Rondalla - String band of Spanish origin sometimes called comparsa made up of bass, guitar, oktavina, laud, bandurya, and pikolo

Sacristans - Church members who sing and perform ritual liturgical service

Sapilla - Spanish term for wood plane

Saung-gauk - Burmese open arched harp

Senit - Coconut fibre string or rope

Sinkil - Popular Muslim dance from Mindanao

Sitio - Refers to a specific location within a barangay

Solfeggio - The use of do-re-mi syllables to sing specific tones of the musical scale

Tabon - Bisayan word for soundboard, from Spanish word for "top"

Tabu - Place where people meet periodically to sell goods, a market

Tagalog - Language

Taglish - Combination of Tagalog and English

Templador - device used to turn pegs to tune strings of the harp, from Spanish; to tune)

Tempos - Bisayan term for harp forepillar

Tinikling - Most popular Filipino cultural dance originally of Waray Bisayan origin which uses bamboo poles as props for dancers

Tiple - Soprano voice, could refer to voices of young boys

Villancicos - Renaissance song genre from Spain which were transferred to Latin America and the Philippines by the 17th century